Bermúdez-Murillo et al. (2023)
ABSTRACT
School dropout is a phenomenon that has affected society for years, consisting of the interruption
or disengagement of students from their studies, it is generated by various causes, and in recent
years with the pandemic caused by COVID-19, it has been has increased the abandonment of
studies by children and adolescents. In this sense, it is appropriate to carry out an investigation
with the objective of proposing educational strategies to reduce school desertion in third-year high
school students in the Leónidas Plaza Gutiérrez Educational Unit, the same, was framed in a
quantitative approach, with a type of study descriptive, using methods such as theory, analysis
and synthesis, and inductive-deductive. For the analysis of results, inferential descriptive statistics
were used with the support of Microsoft Excel 2019 spreadsheets, there was a sample of 49 third-
year high school students from the Leónidas Plaza Gutiérrez Educational Unit, the sample will be
non-probabilistic under criterion of the researcher and will be of a census type. Among the main
results, it is evident that the economic situation, social problems and family problems are the main
causes of school dropout, as well as the methodologies used by the teacher, so this research
aims to find alternatives in a time determined to reduce student desertion in the aforementioned
school and can be extrapolated to other localities and territorial spaces of Ecuador.
Keywords: strategies, school desertion, high school students.
1. INTRODUCCIÓN
La deserción escolar como aquella acción que implica el abandono de las
actividades escolares sin haber terminado el grado cursado, fenómeno que
ocurre en todos los niveles educativos y en diferentes contextos donde
intervienen las dificultades económicas y sociales. Por otra parte, la
Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS 2021), en la situación sobrevenida de
crisis sanitaria por la aparición del Coronavirus SAR-.COV-2 indicó que una de
las consecuencias socioeducativas que arrastra esta situación es la interrupción
del proceso educativo lo cual conlleva en muchos casos a la deserción escolar
motivado a diversos factores, entre ellos: el precario suministro de alimentos, las
debilidades en cuanto a competencias tecnológicas para la enseñanza a
distancia, problemas para acceder a las plataformas de aprendizaje digital, no
disponer de computadoras personales por la desigualdad social que arrastra
cada país en este continente americano, no tener beneficios educativos,
elevados costos económicos para asistir a un centro escolar, todo ello coadyuva
al incremento de las tasas de abandono escolar.
De igual manera Pachay y Rodríguez (2021) describen que a nivel mundial se
conoce la poca efectividad de la educación en el hogar, fundamentalmente en
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