Martínez-Hinojosa et al. (2024)
optimizando así la eficiencia del comercio exterior y promoviendo un equilibrio entre el
cumplimiento regulatorio y la competitividad comercial.
Palabras claves: Procedimientos aduaneros, normativa vigente, prohibición de importaciones,
nacionalización de mercancías, sistema aduanero, comercio exterior.
ABSTRACT
The research focuses on customs procedures applicable to goods that do not meet the technical
requirements established in the regulations in force in Ecuador and are considered prohibited for
import. The problem identified was the lack of knowledge on the part of importers about the steps
necessary to properly manage these goods, which made the nationalization process within
Ecuador inconvenient. The main objective is to define appropriate customs procedures to classify
these goods in alternative regimes and thus standardize or circulate them efficiently. Relevant
scientific, legal and regulatory sources were summarized and analyzed, including
recommendations from the Foreign Trade Commission (2016), using a qualitative approach
based on scientific, analytical and synthetic approaches. The results show that, while Ecuadorian
regulations are in line with international standards, their strict application, especially in the areas
of labeling, quality certification and laboratory testing, is a challenge for importers. Tools such as
transshipment and bonded warehouses have also been shown to help mitigate these problems,
although they come with additional costs and requirements that hinder their widespread adoption.
In conclusion, the study highlights the need to improve importer training on existing customs
regulations and simplify procedures for non-compliant products to ensure their proper
nationalization without compromising quality control and market security. Furthermore, it is
recommended to implement policies that reduce unnecessary barriers, thus optimizing the
efficiency of foreign trade and promoting a balance between regulatory compliance and trade
competitiveness.
Keywords: Customs procedures, current regulations, import ban, nationalization of goods,
customs system, foreign trade.
1. INTRODUCCIÓN
El comercio internacional ha surgido debido a la necesidad de los estados o
países de intercambiar bienes y servicios por otros bienes o recursos
económicos. A partir del siglo XV, las negociaciones entre países comenzaron a
intensificarse, impulsadas por el creciente intercambio comercial entre potencias
económicas como Estados Unidos y los países europeos. En estas
negociaciones, los países deben proteger sus intereses políticos, fiscales y
económicos, especialmente a medida que los avances tecnológicos transforman
el panorama global. Mientras que las potencias económicas y los países
desarrollados se benefician significativamente de estos cambios, los países en
vías de desarrollo enfrentan una constante lucha para competir en el ámbito
comercial.