Impacto de la cartera de créditos y las inversiones en títulos en la rentabilidad del sector bancario ecuatoriano durante el periodo 2012-2022: Un estudio empírico

Luis Fernando Vaca-Morán; Armando José Urdaneta-Montiel

Autores/as

Vaca-Morán Luis Fernando Universidad Metropolitana del Ecuador. Machala, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3535-1500
Urdaneta-Montiel Armando José Universidad Metropolitana del Ecuador. Machala, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9825-9453

Palabras clave:

cartera de créditos, inversiones en títulos, rentabilidad, riesgo crediticio, estabilidad financiera

Resumen

La investigación, mediante un método descriptivo, correlacional y explicativo, examina el impacto de la cartera de créditos y las inversiones en títulos en la rentabilidad y estabilidad financiera de 10 instituciones bancarias activas de Ecuador con mayor margen de intermediación, durante los años 2012-2022, utilizando informes financieros públicos y estadísticas bancarias. Se destaca la necesidad de equilibrar la cartera de créditos y las inversiones en títulos para optimizar el rendimiento financiero, lograr una gestión efectiva del riesgo crediticio y la diversificación de las fuentes de ingresos. En este contexto, la adecuación de capital y el fortalecimiento del marco regulatorio son fundamentales para impulsar el rendimiento del mercado bancario ecuatoriano. Se resalta la importancia de promulgar legislaciones que promuevan la inclusión financiera. Estos hallazgos revelan la complejidad del sector bancario y la importancia de considerar diversos factores para mejorar la rentabilidad y estabilidad financiera de las entidades bancarias en el país.

Palabras claves: cartera de créditos, inversiones en títulos, rentabilidad, riesgo crediticio, estabilidad financiera.

ABSTRACT

The research, using a descriptive, correlational and explanatory method, examines the impact of the credit portfolio and investments in securities on the profitability and financial stability of 10 active banking institutions in Ecuador with the highest intermediation margin, during the years 2012-2022, using public financial reports and banking statistics. It highlights the need to balance the credit portfolio and investments in securities to optimize financial performance, achieve effective credit risk management and diversification of income sources. In this context, capital adequacy and the strengthening of the regulatory framework are fundamental to boost the performance of the Ecuadorian banking market. The importance of enacting legislation that promotes financial inclusion is highlighted. These findings reveal the complexity of the banking sector and the importance of considering various factors to improve the profitability and financial stability of banking institutions in the country.

Keywords: loan portfolio, securities investments, profitability, credit risk, financial stability.

Información del manuscrito:
Fecha de recepción: 19 de diciembre de 2023.
Fecha de aceptación: 19 de febrero de 2024.
Fecha de publicación: 25 de marzo de 2024.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Abul, M. (2022). Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Financial Performance of the. International Business Research, 15(8), 44-58. doi: https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v15n8p44

Acosta, G. (2019). Responsabilidad social empresarial: inclusión financiera en el sistema bancario privado ecuatoriano. Visión de Futuro, 23(1), 1-11.

Adil, F., & Jalil, A. (2020). Determining the Financial Inclusion Output of Banking Sector of Pakistan—Supply-Side Analysis. economies, 1-20. doi:doi:10.3390/economies8020042

Ahmed, S., Majeed, E., Thalassinos, E., & Thalassinos, Y. (2021). The Impact of Bank Specific and Macro-Economic Factors on Non-Performing Loans in the Banking Sector: Evidence from an Emerging Economy. Risk and Financial Management. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14050217

Ahmed, S., Majeed, M. E., Thalassinos, E., & Thalassinos, Y. (2021). The Impact of Bank Speciﬁc and Macro-Economic Factors on Non-Performing Loans in the Banking Sector: Evidence from an Emerging Economy. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(217), 1-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14050217

Al-Hadi, A., & Al-Abri, A. (2022). Firm-level trade credit responses to COVID-19-induced monetary and fiscal policies: International evidence. Research in International Business and Finance(60), 1-11. doi:10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101568

Altunbas, Y., Binici, M., & Gambacorta, L. (2018). Macroprudential policy and bank risk. Journal of International Money and Finance, 81, 203-220. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2017.11.012

Álvarez, J., Cabrera, P., & Jácome, H. (2023). Territorial inequalities in financial inclusion: A comparative study between private banks and credit unions. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences. DOI: 10.1016/j.seps.2023.101561

Anto, L. O., & Novitasari, I. (2023). DETERMINANTS OF THE QUALITY OF FINANCIAL REPORTS. Intern. Journal of Profess. Bus. Review., 8(3), 1-40. Doi: https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i3.1331

Bacuilima, E., Morocho, J., Aguirre, J., Coronel, K., & Mora, P. (2023). Financing Ecuadorian Social Enterprises: What Is the Role of Impact Investment? Sustainability, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411210.

Baesens, B., Rösch, D., & Scheule, H. (2016). Baesens, Bart & Rösch, DanCredit Risk Analytics: Measurement Techniques, Applications, and Examples in SAS. John Wiley & Sons Inc. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.14675.17447.

Bairagi, V., & Munot, M. (2019). Research Methodology: A Practical and Scientific Approach. Boca Ratón, Florida, Estados Unidos: CRC Press.

Briozzo, A., & Albanese, D. (2020). Voluntary audit, investment, and financing decisions in Latin American small and medium enterprises. Journal of International Accounting,Auditing and Taxation, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2020.100302

Castro, C., Ramírez, J., & Velez, S. (2022). Financial intermediation and risk in decentralized lending protocols. SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3893278 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3893278, 1-27.

Creswell, J. W. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Los Angeles.: Sage Publications.

Cvetkoska, V., & Fotova, K. (2021). Efficiency Analysis of Macedonian and Croatian banking Sectors with DEA. Economy, Business & Development , 2(2), 1-19. doi:DOI: 10.47063/ebd.00003

De Schryder, S., & Opitz, F. (2021). Macroprudential policy and its impact on the credit cycle. Journal of Financial Stability, 53. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2020.100818.

Eriotis, N., Kounadeas, T., & Kollias, K. (2021). Has the Composition of the Greek Banking Sector Investment Portfolio Contributed to the Greek Economy Financial Crisis? International Journal of Corporate Finance and Accounting, 8(2). DOI:10.4018/IJCFA.2021070101

Feijó, N., Ceular, N., & Navajas, V. (2023). Behavioral Patterns That Influence the Financing Choice Models of Small Enterprises in Ecuador through Latent Class Analysis. Sustainability, 15 , 1-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086790

Gómez, T., Ríos, H., & Aali, A. (2019). Desarrollo financiero y desigualdad del ingreso, el caso de América Latina. Contaduría y Administración, 64(4), 1-17. doi:https:// 132.10.22201/fca.24488410e.2019.1902.

Harendra, B., Gunadib, I., & Narayan, B. (2023). COVID-19 uncertainty, financial markets and monetary policy effects in case of two emerging Asian countries. Economic Analysis and Policy, 78, 173-189. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2023.103871

Hidayat, A., & Darmawan, P. (2023). ARIMA Model and Holt Winters Seasonal Smoothing Accuracy for Stock Price Prediction. Journal of Actuarial, Finance and Risk Management (JAFRM), 2(1), 10-19. doi: https://doi.org/10.25077/jafrm.2.1.10-19

Johnson, R. A., & Wichern, D. W. ( 2022). Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. . Wisconsin: Pearson.

Khatib, S. F., Hendrawaty, E., Bazhair, A., Abu, I., & Al Amosh, H. (2022). Financial Inclusion and the Performance of Banking Sector in Palestine. economies, 1-15. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10100247

Kumar, K. (2022). Research Methodology in Social Science. New Delhi: K.K. Publications.

Kvålseth, T. (2018). Relationship between concentration ratio and Herfindahl-Hirschman index: A re-examination based on majorization theory. Heliyon, 4(10). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00846.

Lee, J., Kim, K., & Oh, J. (2022). Build-Transfer-Operate with risk sharing approach for railway public-private-partnership project in Korea. Asian Transport Studies, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eastsj.2022.100061

Martínez, M., & Baselga, L. (2020). Bank Risk Determinants in Latin America. risk, 8(94), 1-21. doi:doi:10.3390/risks8030094

Mejía, J., González, J., & Duque, E. (2020). Sustainable Financial Products in the Latin America Banking Industry: Current Status and Insights. sustainability, 12, 1-25. doi:doi:10.3390/su12145648

Mirza, N., Afzal, A., Umar, M., & Skare, M. (2023). The impact of green lending on banking performance: Evidence from SME credit portfolios in the BRIC. Economic Analysis and Policy, 77, 843-850. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.12.024

Mizanur, Mohammed, R. M., & Abdul, K. M. (2023). Determinants of financial intermediation costs of banks in emerging economies. nternational Journal of Financial Studies, 11(1), 1-32. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs11010011

Mohamed, B., Naceur, S. B., Candelon, B., & Wijnandts, J.-C. (2022). Macroprudential policies, economic growth and banking crises. Emerging Markets Review, 53. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2022.100936.

Mpofu, O., & Bongani, A. (2022). Informal Finance: A Boon or Bane for African SMEs? Journal of Risk and Financial Management(15), 1-15. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15060270

Owen, A., & Pereira, J. M. (2018). Bank concentration, competition, and financial inclusion. Review of Development Finance, 8(1), 1-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2018.05.001.

Páez, P., Jaramillo, Ó., & Ramírez, R. (2021). CONCENTRACIÓN Y TASAS DE INTERÉS EN EL SISTEMA FINANCIERO ECUATORIANO. REVISTA ECONOMÍA, 93-104. doi: https://doi.org/10.29166/economia.v73i117.2629

Pang, S., Hou, X., & Xia, L. (2021). Borrowers' credit quality scoring model and applications, with default discriminant analysis based on the extreme learning machine. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 165. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.te

Proaño, B., & Feria, J. (2022). Are Ecuadorian banks enough technically efficient for growth? A clinical study. WILEY, 1-19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2775

Rahman, H.-u., Waqas, M., & Tabassum, N. (2020). Bank-Speciﬁc and Macroeconomic Determinants of Proﬁtability: A Revisit of Pakistani Banking Sector under Dynamic Panel Data Approach. International Journal of Financial Studies, 8(42), 1-19. doi:doi:10.3390/ijfs8030042

Rondinone, G., & Thomasz, E. (2016). Riesgo de precio en commodities: ¿profundización en la sensibilidad de precios agrícolas ante shocks de tasa de interés? Contaduría y Administración, 61(4), 746-761. doi:doi.org/10.1016/j.cya.2016.02.002.

Rosenthal, H. L., & Rosenthal, R. L. (2021). Quantitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.

Samani, S., Wahyudi, S., & Muharam, H. (2023). The role of good corporate governance through investment decision support and its impact on banking performance with efficiency-based credit quality as intermediation. Cntaduría y Administración, 70(1), 57-96. doi: 10.37227/JIBM-2023-01-5789.

Thankom Arun, T., & Kamath, R. (2015). Financial inclusion: Policies and practices. IIMB Management Review, 27, 21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2015.09.004

Uquillas, A., & González, C. (2017). Determinantes macro y microeconómicos para pruebas de tensión de riesgo de crédito: un estudio comparativo entre Ecuador y Colombia basado en la tasa de morosidad. Ensayos sobre Política Económica, 35(84), 245-259. doi:doi.org/10.1016/j.espe.2017.11.002.

Urdaneta, A., Borgucci, E., & Mancilla, A. (Mayo de 2022). Banco Central, Sistema Bancario y las PYMES. Perspectivas(49), 35-38.

Zhavoronok, A., Shchur, R., Zhezherun, Y., Sadchykova, I., Viadrova, N., & Tychkovska, L. (2022). The Role of the Credit Services Market in Ensuring Stability of the Banking System. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 12(6), 667-679. doi:http:://doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.120602